The term "channelisation" refers to the deliberate modification or manipulation of natural water channels or streams by humans for various purposes. It involves the process of altering the course, shape, or flow characteristics of a waterway to achieve specific objectives related to water management, flood control, navigation, or other developmental activities.
In the context of civil engineering or hydrology, channelisation aims to improve the efficiency of water conveyance, prevent erosion, enhance flood control, or facilitate navigation. This can be achieved through activities such as dredging, widening, deepening, or straightening of existing water channels. By modifying the shape and alignment of streams, it becomes possible to regulate the flow of water, reduce flood risks in vulnerable areas, and improve the overall navigability of the watercourse.
Channelisation can also occur in urban environments, where it involves the construction of artificial water channels or drainage systems to manage stormwater runoff. These channels are designed to guide excess water away from urban areas, preventing flooding and reducing the risk of damage to infrastructure and property.
While channelisation can provide significant benefits, it can also have adverse effects on the natural environment. It may disrupt the ecological balance of aquatic ecosystems, altering habitats and affecting the biodiversity of aquatic species. Additionally, altering natural water channels can potentially exacerbate flooding in downstream areas or lead to increased erosion in adjacent locations.
Overall, channelisation is a process that involves modifying natural water channels or constructing artificial ones to achieve specific water management objectives, but it requires careful planning to ensure both desired outcomes and minimal negative environmental impacts.
