Pronunciation: [t͡ʃˈamz] (IPA) 
The spelling of the word "chams" is unique and can be a little confusing to some. It is pronounced as /tʃæms/ in IPA phonetic transcription. The "ch" sound is similar to the "sh" sound, but with the tongue further forward in the mouth, and the "a" sound is followed by the "m" and "s" sounds at the end. This word is not commonly used in English, but when it is, it refers to a group of shamans or Native American spiritual leaders.
Chams refers to a group of Austronesian-speaking people who predominantly reside in the central and southern regions of Vietnam, particularly in the provinces of Binh Thuan, Ninh Thuan, and An Giang. They are often recognized as one of the ethnic minorities in Vietnam. The term "chams" encompasses various ethnic subgroups within this community, including the Cham Balamon (Hindu Cham), Cham Islam (Muslim Cham), and Cham Brahmin.
Historically, the Chams have been known for their rich cultural heritage, particularly in terms of their language, literature, music, and architecture. The Cham script, which originated in the second century A.D., is considered one of the oldest writing systems in mainland Southeast Asia. Their traditional architecture, characterized by intricate brickwork and distinctive towers, can be seen in numerous Cham sites and temples.
Religion plays a significant role in Cham society, with a majority of the Chams practicing Islam, while a substantial minority adheres to Hinduism. This dual religious identity reflects the historical influence of both Indian and Arab traders on the Chams.
The Chams have faced various challenges throughout history, including political struggles and conflicts with other ethnic groups. However, they have managed to preserve their cultural identity and traditions despite these difficulties.
In recent times, efforts have been made to promote the preservation of Cham culture and language, as well as to improve the economic and social conditions of the Cham population. These initiatives include educational programs, cultural festivals, and the establishment of Cham cultural centers.
The word "chams" is of Arabic origin. It comes from the Arabic word "Chumus" (also spelled as "Hummus" or "Hommos"), which means "chickpeas". "Chams" is the plural form of "cham" in French and is used to refer to chickpeas, especially in culinary contexts.
