CGH is an acronym for Comparative Genomic Hybridization, a molecular technique used in genetics and genomics to identify and analyze genetic variations, imbalances, and changes in an individual's genome. It allows for the detection of both overall copy number variations (CNVs) as well as specific genetic alterations, such as amplifications or deletions, throughout the chromosomes.
CGH involves the comparison of the patient's DNA with a standard reference DNA sample. The patient's DNA is labeled with a fluorescent dye, while the reference DNA is labeled with a different color fluorescent dye. These labeled DNA samples are then mixed and hybridized onto a DNA microarray, which contains thousands of specific genomic targets. The hybridization pattern reveals the differences in DNA copy number between the patient's and the reference DNA.
The data obtained from CGH analysis provides valuable information about genetic abnormalities associated with various diseases, including cancers, developmental disorders, and birth defects. By identifying specific genomic alterations, CGH helps medical professionals and researchers tailor personalized treatments and therapies for patients based on their specific genomic profile. Additionally, CGH analysis aids in understanding the mechanisms underlying disease progression, providing insights into the genetic basis of the disorders.
In summary, CGH is a powerful genetic technique that enables the identification and analysis of genomic variations and alterations, helping uncover potential disease-associated genetic abnormalities and guiding personalized medical interventions.
