The cerebral cortices, also referred to as the cerebral cortex or neocortex, are the outermost layers of the brain that play a crucial role in higher cognitive functions and sensory processing. Found in all mammals, including humans, the cerebral cortices are responsible for various complex mental processes and are associated with higher intelligence.
Comprising approximately 80% of the brain's mass, the cerebral cortices are divided into two hemispheres: the left and right, each controlling the opposite side of the body. Within these hemispheres, the cerebral cortices are further divided into four lobes: the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe.
The frontal lobe, located in the front of the brain, is involved in decision-making, problem-solving, motor control, and emotional regulation. The parietal lobe, positioned behind the frontal lobe, processes information related to sensory perception, spatial awareness, and language comprehension. The temporal lobe, situated on the sides of the brain, is involved in auditory processing, memory formation, and language comprehension. Lastly, the occipital lobe, located at the back of the brain, processes visual information and is responsible for visual perception and recognition.
The cerebral cortices consist of billions of neurons interconnected through a complex network, enabling the brain to receive, process, and respond to sensory stimuli. This intricate web of neurons allows for the formation and integration of thoughts, perceptions, and memories, ultimately enabling the remarkable cognitive abilities observed in humans and other mammals.
