Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is a medical condition characterized by the blockage or occlusion of the central retinal vein, which is responsible for draining blood from the retina. It is a type of retinal vascular disease that affects the eye and can lead to vision impairment or loss.
When the central retinal vein becomes blocked, it restricts blood flow and causes a backup of blood in the smaller retinal veins. This leads to swelling, bleeding, and leakage of fluid into the retina, which can result in macular edema and subsequent vision problems.
The occlusion of the central retinal vein can occur due to various factors such as blood clot formation, inflammation, or compression of the vein by adjacent structures. Risk factors for CRVO include advanced age, hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, glaucoma, and certain blood disorders.
Symptoms of central retinal vein occlusion may include sudden or gradual vision loss, a decrease in visual acuity, blurry or distorted vision, and the appearance of floaters in the visual field. A comprehensive eye examination, including funduscopy and imaging tests, is typically performed to diagnose CRVO.
Treatment options for central retinal vein occlusion aim to alleviate symptoms, prevent progression, and preserve vision. This may involve addressing underlying systemic conditions, using medications to reduce swelling or control intraocular pressure, or implementing procedures such as laser photocoagulation or intravitreal injections.
Prompt diagnosis and management are essential to minimize potential vision loss associated with central retinal vein occlusion. Regular follow-up with an ophthalmologist is crucial for monitoring the condition and adjusting the treatment plan as needed.
