Central Nervous System Congenital Vascular Malformations (CNS CVMs) refer to a group of structural abnormalities or defects in the blood vessels that supply or drain blood from the central nervous system (CNS) during fetal development. These malformations can affect various parts of the CNS, including the brain and spinal cord.
CNS CVMs are present at birth (congenital) and are caused by abnormalities in the development of blood vessels in the CNS. They can be categorized into different types, such as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), cavernous malformations (CMs), developmental venous anomalies (DVAs), and capillary telangiectasias. Each type has distinct characteristics and locations within the CNS.
Symptoms of CNS CVMs can vary depending on the affected area and the type of malformation. Common symptoms may include headaches, seizures, neurological deficits (such as weakness or numbness in the limbs), cognitive impairments, and in severe cases, hemorrhages or strokes.
Diagnosis of CNS CVMs often involves a combination of clinical examination, neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and possibly angiography to visualize the blood vessels. Treatment options can vary depending on the specific type and location of the malformation, as well as the symptoms presented. They may include surgical interventions, embolization, or radiosurgery.
Overall, central nervous system congenital vascular malformations are a group of structural abnormalities in the blood vessels that develop during fetal development and can cause a range of neurological symptoms. Diagnosis and treatment require specialized medical intervention.
