CELL METABOLISM Meaning and
Definition
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Cell metabolism refers to the complex biochemical processes that occur within a cell to obtain and utilize energy for various cellular activities. It involves the conversion of nutrients and molecules into energy, synthesis of cellular components, and breakdown of waste products.
One key aspect of cell metabolism is cellular respiration, a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of cells. During cellular respiration, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are broken down to release energy in the form of ATP. This energy is then used by the cell to perform vital functions like growth, reproduction, and maintenance.
Cell metabolism also encompasses anabolic reactions, which involve the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller precursor molecules. This includes the formation of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates needed for cell growth and repair. Anabolic reactions require energy input and are often coupled with catabolic reactions to maintain a balance.
Additionally, cell metabolism involves various catabolic reactions, in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules. Catabolic processes such as glycolysis and the Krebs cycle generate energy by breaking down glucose and other organic compounds. These processes also produce intermediates that are used in anabolic reactions.
Overall, cell metabolism is a dynamic and intricate network of chemical reactions that govern the utilization, production, and transformation of biomolecules within a cell. It plays a fundamental role in maintaining cell function, adaptation to changing environmental conditions, and overall organismal homeostasis.
Etymology of CELL METABOLISM
The word "cell" is derived from the Latin word "cella", meaning "small room" or "chamber". It was first used in its modern biological sense by Robert Hooke in the 17th century to describe the basic structural unit of living organisms.
The term "metabolism" comes from the Greek word "metabolē", which means "change" or "transformation". It was first used in the context of biology by a German physician and chemist Friedrich Wöhler in the 19th century to describe the chemical reactions that occur within all living organisms to maintain life.
When combined, the term "cell metabolism" refers to the collection of chemical reactions and processes that take place within cells to provide energy, synthesize essential molecules, and maintain cellular functions.
