Celiac, also known as Coeliac (in British English) or Celiac disease, is a chronic autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the small intestine. It is caused by a reaction to gluten, which is a protein commonly found in wheat, barley, and rye. This immune reaction causes damage to the lining of the small intestine, leading to a reduced ability to absorb nutrients.
Individuals with celiac disease often experience a wide range of symptoms, including digestive issues such as diarrhea, bloating, and constipation. Other symptoms can include fatigue, weight loss, anemia, and even neurological problems. However, it is important to note that celiac disease can manifest differently in different individuals, and some may experience no noticeable symptoms at all.
The only effective treatment for celiac disease is adherence to a strict gluten-free diet. This requires individuals to avoid eating any foods that contain gluten, which can be a challenging task as gluten is found in a variety of products, such as bread, pasta, and many processed foods. By following a gluten-free diet, the intestinal lining can heal, and symptoms can be managed.
It is crucial to receive a proper diagnosis from a healthcare professional, as celiac disease has no cure but can be effectively managed. Moreover, individuals with celiac disease have an increased risk of developing other autoimmune disorders, such as type 1 diabetes and thyroid disease, so regular monitoring and follow-up care are essential.
