Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a highly contagious viral disease that belongs to the family of Bunyaviridae. It is primarily transmitted to humans through tick bites or contact with infected animal blood or tissues. CCHF is named after the regions where it was first identified, Crimea and Congo. It is characterized by sudden onset fevers, severe headache, muscle aches, and a general feeling of malaise.
The incubation period of CCHF ranges from 1 to 3 days, after which symptoms begin to manifest. As the disease progresses, patients may experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, CCHF can lead to hemorrhaging, both externally and internally, which can be life-threatening. The mortality rate of CCHF varies, but it can range from 10% up to 40%.
CCHF is primarily found in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, where ticks that carry the virus are prevalent. However, due to global travel and transportation, there is a risk of imported cases in other regions. There is currently no approved vaccine against CCHF, and treatment primarily involves supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Prevention of CCHF mainly focuses on avoiding tick bites and minimizing contact with the blood or tissues of infected animals, particularly livestock. Implementing effective control measures, such as the use of tick repellents, wearing protective clothing, and practicing good hygiene, is crucial in reducing the transmission of CCHF.
