Cays are small, low-elevation landforms that typically appear in tropical or subtropical regions, particularly in coral reef areas. These geological formations are characterized by their sandy or rocky composition and are usually formed by the accumulation of sediment and debris on top of coral reefs or other submerged features.
Cays are often found in groups or cluster formations and can vary greatly in size, ranging from a few square meters to several hectares. They are typically surrounded by shallow, clear waters or lagoons and may be connected to larger landmasses by narrow strips of sand, known as spits or tombolos.
These landforms are commonly observed in areas with warm climates, such as the Caribbean, the Indian Ocean, and the South Pacific. Due to their unique environments, cays are often significant for their rich biodiversity, serving as habitats for various marine and terrestrial flora and fauna. They are known for supporting diverse ecosystems, including coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangroves, and nesting sites for sea turtles and seabirds.
Cays also play an important role in coastal protection, acting as natural barriers against the forces of waves and storms. Their presence helps to buffer the impact of strong currents and turbulent waters, reducing erosion and promoting the accumulation of sediment. Furthermore, these landforms are frequently associated with recreational activities, attracting tourists for their picturesque beauty, clear waters, and excellent snorkeling and diving opportunities.
