CATEGORICAL DATA Meaning and
Definition
-
Categorical data is a type of data that represents characteristics or qualities that cannot be measured or expressed numerically. It consists of discrete values or categories that represent different groups or levels of a particular variable. Categorical data is also referred to as qualitative or nominal data.
In this type of data, each observation is assigned to one of the predetermined categories, with no inherent order or magnitude between the categories. For instance, categorical data can include information such as gender (male or female), marital status (single, married, divorced, etc.), types of cars (sedan, SUV, truck), or favorite colors (red, blue, green).
Unlike numerical or quantitative data, categorical data cannot be analyzed using mathematical operations or calculations. Instead, it is often summarized using counts or percentages, which help in understanding the distribution and frequency of different categories within the dataset. Categorical data is typically presented in tables and charts, such as bar graphs or pie charts, to visualize the distribution and make comparisons between categories.
Categorical data plays a crucial role in various fields, including social sciences, market research, and data analysis. Analyzing and interpreting categorical data helps in understanding patterns, trends, and relationships between different groups or characteristics. It aids in making informed decisions and drawing meaningful conclusions based on the categorical variables considered.
Etymology of CATEGORICAL DATA
The term "categorical data" comes from the combination of two words: "categorical" and "data"
1. Categorical: The word "categorical" is derived from the Latin word "categoricus", which is derived from the Greek word "kategorikos". The Greek word "kategorikos" comes from the verb "kategorein", meaning "to accuse or assert". In Aristotle's philosophy, the term "kategoria" referred to a statement that affirmed or denied something about a subject. Over time, "categorical" came to mean something that is absolute, unconditional, or without exception.
2. Data: The term "data" is derived from the Latin word "datum", which is the singular form of "data". "Datum" comes from the verb "dare", meaning "to give". In Latin, "data" referred to information or things given or granted.
