Catarrhini is a taxonomic term used to define a subfamily of Old World monkeys, which include both the cercopithecoid and hominoid primates. The term "catarrhini" originates from the Greek terms "kata," meaning down, and "rrhine," which means nose. This subfamily is characterized by their anatomy, specifically the downward orientation of their nostrils.
The catarrhini primates can be further distinguished by their dental formula, which consists of 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars on each side of the upper and lower jaw. In addition, they possess a bony tube known as the auditory tube, which connects the middle ear to the throat.
Catarrhini primates are found in Africa, Asia, and parts of Europe. They exhibit a great diversity in their physical features, size, and habitat. The cercopithecoids, commonly known as Old World monkeys, are found in various habitats, ranging from forests to savannas. They have a wide diet, consuming fruits, leaves, seeds, and insects.
On the other hand, hominoids, which include the great apes and humans, possess several distinctive features such as more complex social behaviors, larger brains, and the ability to walk upright. The hominoids are further classified into lesser apes (gibbons) and greater apes (orangutans, gorillas, and chimpanzees). Humans, although classified under the hominoids, have several unique characteristics, including bipedal locomotion and a highly developed brain enabling complex cognitive abilities.
In summary, the term catarrhini encompasses a subfamily of Old World monkeys, including cercopithecoids
