Castell, spelled as /kəˈstɛl/ in International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), is a word that has both historical and modern-day significance. It is Welsh for "castle", and is often used in the names of Welsh castles such as Castell Coch and Caernarfon Castle. The word is spelled with a double "l" to differentiate it from the English "castle". In Welsh language, the "ll" sound is pronounced as a voiceless lateral fricative, which is similar to a "sh" and "l" sound rolled together.
Castell is a term that originates from the Catalan language and refers to a human tower constructed by building layers of individuals or castellers. It is a traditional practice and art form that is highly popular in the region of Catalonia in Spain. Castell literally translates to castle in English, highlighting the tower-like structure that is created during this activity.
Castells are typically formed during festivals or events, where teams compete to create the highest and most stable tower possible. The base layer of the tower consists of larger individuals who provide a solid foundation, while smaller participants climb on top to create additional layers, reaching astonishing heights. Constructing a castell requires exceptional balance, teamwork, and coordination, as the castellers must rely on each other's strength and support to create a stable structure.
The entire process of forming a castell is carried out with utmost precision and following a specific set of techniques and principles. Castellers wear distinctive clothing, including a sash worn diagonally across the chest, which represents their team and symbolizes unity. Each team has its own unique color and design of the sash. The height of the castell is crucial, and teams are continuously striving to break records and achieve greater heights, while still maintaining the safety and stability of the structure.
Castells have become a significant part of Catalan cultural heritage and are recognized as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. This traditional practice showcases the strength, coordination, and community spirit of the people involved, reflecting the values and traditions of Catalonia.
The word castell comes from the Latin word castellum, which means fortress or small fortified place. In turn, castellum is derived from the Latin verb castrare, which means to fortify or to surround with a rampart. The word castell was borrowed into Old English and eventually evolved into the modern English term castle.