Cardiolith is a medical term referring to the presence of a concretion or calculus-like object within the heart or one of its chambers. It is derived from the combination of two words: "cardio," which specifically denotes the heart, and "lith," which generally means a stone or calculus formation. A cardiolith can develop inside the heart as a result of various factors such as infection, inflammation, or abnormal deposition of certain substances.
Cardioliths often consist of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials, such as fibrin, calcium salts, cholesterol, or blood clot components. They can vary in size and shape, ranging from small, grain-like particles to larger, solid structures that may obstruct blood flow or cause further complications. Cardioliths can form in different parts of the heart, including the atria, ventricles, or major blood vessels.
The presence of a cardiolith can be associated with symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, irregular heartbeats, or fatigue. Diagnosis typically involves various imaging techniques, such as echocardiography, computed tomography (CT) scans, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Treatment for cardioliths usually involves eradication or removal, if necessary, to prevent potential complications. This can be achieved through medications like anticoagulants or thrombolytic drugs to dissolve the concretions, minimally invasive procedures to break down or remove the cardiolith, or, in severe cases, open-heart surgery. Treatment is typically individualized based on the size, location, and potential risks associated with the cardiolith.
