Cardiac sudden death, also known as sudden cardiac arrest, is a medical condition characterized by the abrupt cessation of the heart's pumping function. It is an unexpected and sudden event that leads to an immediate loss of consciousness and, if left untreated, can result in the death of the individual within minutes.
During cardiac sudden death, the heart's electrical system malfunctions, leading to an irregular heartbeat or arrhythmia, known as ventricular fibrillation. This disrupts the heart's ability to effectively pump blood to the body's organs and tissues, causing a rapid decline in blood circulation. The lack of oxygenated blood reaching the brain leads to unconsciousness, and if not reversed promptly, can cause extensive brain damage and death.
Various underlying causes can contribute to cardiac sudden death, including coronary artery disease, heart attacks, structural abnormalities in the heart, congenital heart defects, genetic factors, and certain medications or illicit drugs. Certain risk factors, such as advanced age, a family history of sudden cardiac death, smoking, obesity, and high blood pressure, increase an individual's susceptibility to experiencing such an event.
Immediate treatment with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the prompt use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) can greatly increase the chances of survival. CPR helps maintain blood flow to vital organs until medical professionals arrive, while an AED can deliver an electric shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm. Early access to emergency medical services and advanced cardiac life support are crucial in providing specialized care to increase the chances of survival and prevent long-term complications. To prevent cardiac sudden death, individuals at risk should manage underlying conditions, adopt a healthy lifestyle, and follow any prescribed medications or treatments as advised by healthcare professionals.
