Cardiac insufficiency, also known as heart failure, is a chronic medical condition characterized by the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It occurs when the heart muscles become weakened or damaged, leading to poor circulation of blood and inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to various organs and tissues.
This condition can have various underlying causes, such as coronary artery disease (blocked arteries), high blood pressure, cardiomyopathy (weakened heart muscle), heart valve defects, or a heart attack. It typically progresses over time, worsening as the heart's pumping ability continues to decline.
Common symptoms of cardiac insufficiency include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs and ankles (edema), rapid or irregular heartbeat, and difficulty performing physical activities. In severe cases, fluid can accumulate in the lungs, causing persistent coughing and wheezing.
Diagnosing cardiac insufficiency involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and various tests, including blood tests, chest x-rays, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and stress tests. Treatment options usually aim to manage symptoms, improve quality of life, and slow down the progression of the condition. This may involve lifestyle modifications (such as a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management), medication to control blood pressure and improve heart function, and in advanced cases, surgical interventions like heart transplantation or the implantation of a heart device (pacemaker or defibrillator).
Regular medical monitoring and adherence to prescribed treatments are crucial for individuals with cardiac insufficiency to manage their condition effectively and prevent complications.
