Cardiac aneurysm is a medical condition characterized by a localized, abnormal bulging or swelling of a weakened area in the wall of the heart muscle (myocardium). This excessive dilation typically occurs in one of the chambers of the heart, most commonly in the left ventricle. Aneurysms are typically caused by a weakening of the heart muscle due to damage from a heart attack, trauma, or certain cardiovascular diseases.
A cardiac aneurysm may be congenital, resulting from a genetic defect, or it may develop gradually over time due to atherosclerosis, a condition marked by the buildup of plaque in the arteries. The weakened area of the heart wall can balloon out, causing the heart chamber to stretch and lose its normal shape. As a result, the heart's pumping function and efficiency may be compromised.
The symptoms of a cardiac aneurysm can vary depending on its location, size, and severity. Some individuals may experience chest pain, shortness of breath, irregular heartbeat, fatigue, and even heart failure. In more severe cases, the aneurysm may rupture, leading to life-threatening complications such as cardiac tamponade or severe bleeding.
To diagnose a cardiac aneurysm, various medical imaging tests, including echocardiography, cardiac MRI, or angiography, may be employed. Treatment options depend on the size, location, symptoms, and overall health of the individual. Medications, lifestyle modifications, and surgical interventions like aneurysmectomy or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) may be recommended to manage the condition and prevent complications. Close monitoring and regular follow-up with a healthcare professional are crucial for individuals with cardiac aneurysms.
