Carcinoid tumor refers to a slow-growing type of neoplasm that originates in cells called neuroendocrine cells, which are predominantly found in the lining of the digestive tract or lungs. These tumors often occur in the gastrointestinal system, specifically the small intestine, rectum, appendix, or stomach, but they can also develop in the lungs or other areas of the body.
Carcinoid tumors are typically categorized as low-grade malignant tumors due to their slow growth rate. They tend to produce hormones such as serotonin, bradykinins, and histamines, which can lead to various symptoms if released into the bloodstream. Common symptoms may include flushing of the skin, facial redness, diarrhea, wheezing, palpitations, and other digestive or respiratory disturbances.
Although most carcinoid tumors are benign and do not spread to other parts of the body, a minority can become malignant and metastasize to distant organs like the liver, lungs, or bones. Early diagnosis is crucial as it allows for timely treatment and monitoring. Diagnosis often involves imaging tests, such as CT scans or MRI, as well as evaluating blood levels of certain markers associated with carcinoid tumors.
Treatment options for carcinoid tumors depend on various factors, including the tumor's size, location, grade, and extent of metastasis. Surgical resection, which involves removing the tumor, is the primary treatment approach. In some cases, other treatments such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, or hormone therapy may be used alone or in combination. Regular follow-up and monitoring are essential to detect any recurrence or metastasis.
