Carboxymethyl cellulose (kɑrbɒksimɛθəl sɛljuːloʊs) is a polysaccharide that is commonly used as a thickener or stabilizer in a variety of products such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. The word "carboxymethyl," pronounced (kɑrˌbɒksimɛθəl), refers to the chemical structure where a carboxyl group (-COOH) is attached to a methyl group (-CH3). The spelling of "cellulose" (sɛljuːloʊs) refers to the natural polymer derived from plant cell walls. Overall, the spelling of this word reflects its chemical and biological properties.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a water-soluble polymer that is derived from cellulose, a substance found in the cell walls of plants. It is commonly used in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and textiles, due to its unique properties.
CMC is formed by the carboxymethylation of cellulose, which involves the introduction of sodium carboxymethyl groups onto the cellulose structure. This modification enhances the solubility and stability of the resulting polymer in water-based solutions.
In the food industry, carboxymethyl cellulose is used as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier. It improves the texture and mouthfeel of foods and prevents ingredient separation. CMC is also utilized in the production of low-fat and low-calorie products, as it can replace oil and fat without compromising taste or texture.
In pharmaceuticals, carboxymethyl cellulose is employed as a binder and disintegrant in tablet formulations. It enhances the cohesion and dissolution of tablet ingredients, allowing for controlled drug release.
CMC is utilized in the cosmetics industry as a viscosity modifier and emulsion stabilizer. It imparts a smooth and creamy texture to creams, lotions, and other personal care products.
In textiles, carboxymethyl cellulose is used as a sizing agent to improve the strength and smoothness of fabrics during manufacturing.
Overall, the versatility and beneficial properties of carboxymethyl cellulose make it a valuable ingredient in a wide range of products across various industries.
The word "carboxymethyl cellulose" is a chemical compound name derived from different elements:
1. Carboxy-: This prefix comes from the word "carboxyl" which refers to the functional group -COOH. It is derived from the French word "carbone" meaning carbon and "oxygène" meaning oxygen. The carboxyl group contains one carbon atom bonded to both an oxygen atom and a hydroxyl group (OH).
2. Methyl-: This prefix indicates the presence of a methyl group (-CH3), which is derived from the word "methylene". The term "methylene" originates from the Greek words "meta" meaning between or after, and "hyle" meaning wood or material. The name reflects the discovery of this group in methanol, a component of wood spirits.