Carbon Monoxide Poisoning refers to a potentially life-threatening condition caused by the inhalation or exposure to excessive levels of carbon monoxide (CO), a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. Carbon monoxide is produced when fuels, such as gas, oil, coal, wood, and propane, do not burn completely. In enclosed spaces or poorly ventilated areas, the gas can accumulate to dangerous levels.
When carbon monoxide is inhaled, it enters the bloodstream, and its affinity for hemoglobin is about 200 times greater than that of oxygen, meaning it binds to red blood cells more easily. This reduces the amount of oxygen available for cells and tissues, leading to suffocation at a cellular level. Common sources of carbon monoxide include malfunctioning appliances, car exhaust, fireplaces, generators, and gas stoves.
Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning can range from mild to severe and may include headache, dizziness, confusion, weakness, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, shortness of breath, and loss of consciousness. Prolonged exposure to high levels of carbon monoxide can lead to neurological damage, heart problems, organ failure, or even death.
Immediate removal from the contaminated area is crucial to prevent further harm. Treatment typically involves administration of 100% oxygen through a mask to help remove carbon monoxide from the blood and alleviate symptoms. In some cases, hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be necessary. Prevention includes proper ventilation of enclosed spaces, regular inspection and maintenance of fuel-burning appliances, and installation of carbon monoxide detectors.
