Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Viruses (CAEV) are a group of retroviruses that primarily infect goats, causing a chronic illness known as caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE). CAEV belongs to the Lentivirus genus, which includes human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in humans and the related visna-maedi virus (VMV) in sheep.
CAEV can be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, mainly through ingestion of infected milk, colostrum, or saliva from an infected dam. The virus primarily targets the lymphoid tissues, leading to a persistent infection and the progressive degradation of the immune system over time. This results in a wide range of clinical symptoms including arthritis, encephalitis, mastitis, respiratory issues, and decreased milk production.
The clinical presentation can vary widely between individual animals, but a common hallmark is persistent arthritic inflammation in multiple joints, which may lead to lameness. Though less frequent, neurological symptoms such as ataxia, paralysis, and trembling may also occur in some cases.
Diagnosis of CAEV typically involves serological testing to detect antibodies against viral antigens in the blood or milk. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques can also be employed to detect viral genetic material directly. However, in some cases, chronic infections can result in false-negative test results, making diagnosis more challenging.
Prevention and control of CAEV involve the use of management strategies such as strict hygiene practices, segregation of infected animals, and serological testing for early detection and culling of positive individuals. Additionally, vaccination may reduce the risk of infection, although its efficacy is still debated.
CAEV remains a significant concern in goat populations worldwide due to its chronic nature, economic impact, and potential for z
