CAPN is an acronym that stands for "calpain." It refers to a family of proteases collectively known as calpains. Calpains represent a group of calcium-dependent enzymes that play a significant role in various biological processes, particularly in mediating the cleavage of proteins.
At the molecular level, CAPN enzymes promote protein degradation by targeting specific amino acid sequences leading to the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Their activity is tightly regulated by the presence of calcium ions, which bind to specific domains within the enzyme structure and trigger their activation. CAPN enzymes are expressed in different tissues and cell types throughout the body, and their dysregulation has been associated with various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases.
The CAPN family encompasses several isoforms, each with distinct characteristics and functions. These isoforms can vary in their tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and specific targets. CAPN enzymes have been implicated in a broad range of physiological processes, such as cell signaling, cytoskeletal remodeling, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and wound healing.
Overall, CAPN or calpains represent a class of calcium-dependent proteases that act as key molecular regulators in various cellular and physiological processes. Through their proteolytic activity, they impact diverse biological pathways and have implications for the understanding and potential treatment of numerous diseases.
