Capillaria refers to a genus of parasitic nematodes, commonly known as hairworms, that belongs to the family Capillariidae. These small, slender worms are commonly found in the intestines of various animals, including mammals, birds, and reptiles. They are characterized by their thread-like appearance, measuring only a few millimeters in length and having a cylindrical body shape.
Capillaria parasites have a complex life cycle, typically involving two hosts. The adult worms reside in the intestinal tract of the definitive host, where they reproduce and lay eggs that are passed out through the feces. The eggs are then ingested by an intermediate host, such as earthworms, insects, or small aquatic organisms. Inside the intermediate host, the eggs hatch and develop into infective larvae. When the intermediate host is consumed by the definitive host, the larvae are released into its gastrointestinal tract, completing the life cycle.
Infections with Capillaria species, also known as capillariasis, can cause significant health problems in both animals and humans. Depending on the species involved, symptoms may include diarrhea, malnutrition, weight loss, anemia, and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. In severe cases, these infections can lead to organ damage and even death.
Treatment of capillariasis typically involves the administration of anthelmintic medications to eliminate the worms from the host's intestinal tract. Preventive measures focus on proper hygiene, sanitation, and avoiding the ingestion of contaminated food or water.
