The Canopic Vase is a ceremonial ancient Egyptian urn that was used to store the internal organs of the deceased. The name of the urn is spelled "kəˈnɒpɪk veɪs" in IPA phonetic transcription. The "k" sound at the beginning of "Canopic" is pronounced with the back of the tongue touching the soft palate. The "o" in "Canopic" is pronounced with a short vowel sound like in the word "dot". The stress is on the second syllable "no", and the final "ic" is pronounced as "ik".
A Canopic vase can be defined as a small container or vessel used in Ancient Egyptian funerary rituals to hold the internal organs of a deceased person during mummification. The term "Canopic" originates from the Greek word "Kanōpos," which refers to the city of Canopus in Egypt where these vases were discovered. The Canopic vases served a crucial purpose in the preservation of the deceased's body for the afterlife.
Typically made from various materials such as limestone, alabaster, or pottery, Canopic vases were intricately designed with lids in the shape of the four sons of the god Horus - Imsety, Hapy, Duamutef, and Qebehsenuf. Each of these sons guarded a different organ: Imsety protected the liver, Hapy guarded the lungs, Duamutef watched over the stomach, and Qebehsenuf was responsible for the intestines.
During the mummification process, the deceased's internal organs, except for the heart, were carefully removed and stored in these vases. The Canopic vases were then placed in a canopic chest or directly into the tomb, ensuring the organs were protected and preserved.
The use of Canopic vases in Egyptian burial practices gradually declined over time, eventually being replaced by other means of organ preservation. However, these vases remain invaluable artifacts for understanding the beliefs and practices of the Ancient Egyptians regarding death, the afterlife, and the preservation of the physical body.
The term "Canopic Vase" is derived from the Canopic jars used by the ancient Egyptians in their funerary practices. These jars were specifically designed to hold the viscera (internal organs) of the deceased during the mummification process.
The term "Canopic" is believed to have originated from the Greek word "Kannopos" or "Kanopos", which is derived from the Egyptian term "Ka-nbwt". "Ka" referred to the concept of the life force or spiritual essence in ancient Egyptian belief, while "nbwt" meant "jars".
Over time, the term evolved to encompass both the jars themselves and the specific organs contained within them. Modern usage of the word "Canopic Vase" is often used interchangeably with "Canopic jar", both referring to the vessels used in ancient Egyptian funerary customs.