Canine adenovirus refers to a group of viruses that primarily affect dogs, causing various respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. It is typically classified into two types: canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) and canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2).
CAV-1 is responsible for causing infectious canine hepatitis, a severe and potentially fatal disease. It primarily affects the liver, leading to hepatitis, as well as affecting other organs such as the kidneys, lungs, and eyes. Symptoms of infectious canine hepatitis include fever, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and jaundice. Vaccination against CAV-1 is available and helps prevent infection.
CAV-2, on the other hand, is associated with upper respiratory tract infections in dogs and is one of the causative agents for kennel cough. Kennel cough is a highly contagious respiratory disease characterized by coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, and fever. Vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing CAV-2 infections, especially in high-risk environments such as kennels or dog shows.
Transmission of both types of canine adenovirus occurs through direct contact with infected respiratory secretions, urine, feces, or contaminated objects. It can also be transmitted by insect vectors such as mosquitoes. Young, unvaccinated puppies and dogs with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable to canine adenovirus infections.
Prompt diagnosis of canine adenovirus infections is crucial for appropriate treatment and preventing the spread of the virus. Veterinarians may employ various diagnostic tests, such as blood tests, viral isolation, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to detect and confirm the presence of the virus. Treatment mainly focuses on supportive care, including fluid therapy, antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections,
