Cancer of the eye, also known as ocular cancer or eye cancer, refers to the development of cancerous cells within or around the structures of the eye. It is a rare form of cancer, accounting for less than 1% of all cancers, but can have severe consequences if left untreated.
There are different types of eye cancer, depending on the area affected. The most common type is retinoblastoma, which primarily affects children and starts in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye. Another type is uveal melanoma, which typically affects adults and involves the uvea, the middle layer of the eye that contains blood vessels. Less common forms include conjunctival cancer (starting in the conjunctiva, the clear tissue covering the white part of the eye) and primary intraocular lymphoma (affecting the eye and central nervous system).
Symptoms of eye cancer can vary depending on its type and stage, but may include blurred vision, seeing flashes of light, dark spots on the iris, redness or swelling, changes in the size or shape of the pupil, or protrusion of the eye. Correct diagnosis often involves a comprehensive eye examination, imaging tests, and a biopsy.
Treatment options for eye cancer depend on factors such as the type, location, and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. They may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. Regular follow-up visits are usually necessary to monitor the cancer's progression and assess the effectiveness of treatment. It is important to note that early detection and prompt intervention contribute significantly to improving outcomes for individuals with cancer of the eye.
