Campylobacter jejuni is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium that is one of the leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. It belongs to the Campylobacteraceae family and is commonly found in the intestinal tracts of various domestic and wild animals, particularly poultry.
The bacterium is responsible for approximately 400 million cases of diarrheal illness each year, making it a significant global public health concern. Transmission to humans usually occurs through the consumption of contaminated food, particularly undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, or contaminated water. Additionally, person-to-person transmission can occur through poor hygiene practices.
Campylobacter jejuni infection typically manifests as gastroenteritis, presenting symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea (often bloody), abdominal pain, and sometimes fever. Although most cases are self-limiting, severe cases may require medical intervention, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems. In rare instances, the infection can lead to complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, an autoimmune disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system.
Laboratory diagnosis of Campylobacter jejuni involves isolating the bacterium from stool samples or other clinical specimens by culture, and identification is confirmed through various specialized tests. Antibiotic treatment may be considered in severe cases or for individuals at high risk of complications. Prevention measures include proper food handling and preparation, ensuring adequate cooking of poultry products, practicing good personal hygiene, and avoiding consumption of unpasteurized dairy products and contaminated water.
Overall, Campylobacter jejuni is a significant bacterial pathogen responsible for a substantial burden of diarrheal disease globally, emphasizing the importance of public health measures to prevent its transmission and improve overall food safety.
