Pronunciation: [kˈalp] (IPA) 
The spelling of the word "CALP" is unique and may cause confusion. It is pronounced /kælp/ and is commonly used in the field of psychology to refer to cognitive academic language proficiency. The spelling of the word does not follow traditional English spelling rules, which can make it difficult to remember. However, the use of IPA phonetic transcription helps people to correctly pronounce the word, regardless of its spelling.
CALP stands for "Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency" and refers to the level of language skills required to understand and use academic language in a specific content area.
CALP focuses on the development and mastery of language skills necessary for academic success. It goes beyond basic conversational language skills and delves into more complex language structures, vocabulary, and cognitive processes needed to comprehend and participate in academic activities such as reading textbooks, writing essays, and engaging in classroom discussions.
A person with high CALP demonstrates advanced proficiency in academic language, enabling them to comprehend and critically analyze complex texts, think critically, think abstractly, and articulate their thoughts effectively. Individuals with high CALP are more likely to excel academically as they possess the necessary language skills to navigate and fully participate in academic environments.
CALP is often assessed separately from Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS), which refers to the everyday conversational language required for social interactions. While someone may be fluent in BICS, they may struggle with academic tasks that require CALP, highlighting the distinction between the two language domains.
Educators often implement strategies and interventions to support the development of CALP skills among English language learners or students who have limited exposure to academic language. These strategies may include explicit instruction, vocabulary development, scaffolding, and creating opportunities for meaningful language practice in academic contexts. By fostering CALP, educators aim to ensure that students are equipped with the language skills necessary for academic achievement and success.
