Calorisation, also known as calorization, refers to a surface treatment process applied to metallic materials, especially steels, with the purpose of improving their resistance to corrosion and wear. It involves the diffusion of carbon or other elements into the surface layer of the material, resulting in the formation of a hard, wear-resistant layer known as a carbide layer.
During calorisation, the material is subjected to a high-temperature environment, typically in the range of 850 to 950 degrees Celsius. In this process, a solid source of carbon, such as natural or artificial graphite, is brought into contact with the material's surface. The heat and the presence of carbon initiate a diffusion process, causing carbon atoms to migrate into the surface and combine with the base metal to form carbides.
The carbide layer formed through calorisation significantly enhances the material's hardness, wear resistance, and resistance to corrosion and oxidation. This treatment is commonly applied to components that experience high wear, such as gears, cams, bearings, and other machine parts. It can also be used to improve the corrosion resistance of components exposed to harsh environments.
Calorisation is an effective method of extending the service life of metallic components and reducing maintenance costs. However, it should be noted that the process requires careful control of temperature and duration to avoid potential drawbacks like distortion or material degradation.
