Calculosis refers to a medical condition characterized by the presence of calculi, which are abnormal, hard, stone-like formations within various organs or systems of the body. Calculous formations can be found in different areas, such as the urinary tract, gallbladder, or salivary glands.
Primarily, calculosis is commonly associated with urolithiasis, which is the presence of stones (calculi) within the urinary tract. These calculi usually develop due to the precipitation and accumulation of certain substances, such as calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, or struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), within the urine. The size of the calculi can range from small, sand-like particles to larger, more solid stones.
In addition to urinary calculosis, there are other forms of calculosis that can occur. For instance, cholelithiasis refers to the formation of gallstones within the gallbladder, while sialolithiasis refers to calculi in the salivary glands. The risk factors for calculosis may vary depending on the specific location, but generally include factors such as dehydration, poor diet, obesity, family history, and certain medical conditions.
The symptoms of calculosis may differ depending on the affected organ or system, but can include pain, difficulty urinating, urinary urgency or frequency, blood in the urine, or jaundice in the case of gallstone-related calculosis. Treatment approaches for calculosis may involve addressing the underlying causes, pain management, hydration, dietary modifications, medication, or, in some cases, surgical intervention.
Overall, calculosis encompasses the presence of calculi in different areas of the body, typically referring to urinary, gallbladder, or salivary gland calculosis.
