Calcium metabolism disorder is a medical condition characterized by an abnormality in the way the body handles calcium, a mineral that plays a vital role in various physiological processes. It refers to any disturbance in the regulation, absorption, distribution, or excretion of calcium within the body.
The body tightly controls calcium levels through a delicate balance between absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, mobilization from bones, and excretion by the kidneys. Calcium metabolism disorders can result from various factors such as hormonal imbalances, genetic mutations, nutritional deficiencies, certain medications, or underlying medical conditions.
Examples of calcium metabolism disorders include hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) and hypercalcemia (high calcium levels). Hypocalcemia can be caused by inadequate intake of dietary calcium, vitamin D deficiency, certain medications that affect calcium absorption or metabolism, chronic kidney disease, or hormonal imbalances. Hypercalcemia, on the other hand, can be caused by excessive calcium intake, prolonged immobilization, overactive parathyroid glands, certain cancers, or certain medications.
These disorders can lead to a wide range of symptoms depending on the severity of the imbalance and its underlying cause. Common symptoms may include muscle cramps, numbness or tingling in the extremities, fatigue, bone pain, kidney stones, and abnormal heart rhythms.
Treatment of calcium metabolism disorders focuses on identifying and addressing the underlying cause, as well as restoring calcium balance in the body. This may involve dietary modifications, vitamin supplementation, medications, or surgical interventions, depending on the specific disorder and its severity. Regular monitoring of calcium levels and appropriate management is essential to prevent complications and maintain overall health.
