Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst (COC) is a rare and benign odontogenic jaw cyst that is characterized by the presence of calcifications within the lining and/or associated tissues. This cystic lesion primarily affects the jawbones, particularly the mandible, but can also occur in the maxilla.
COC has a diverse clinical presentation, with patients often being asymptomatic or experiencing mild discomfort. Radiographically, it appears as a well-defined radiolucent area with varying amounts of calcifications, which can appear as fine specks, curvilinear calcifications, or radiopaque masses.
Histologically, a COC typically exhibits a multi-cystic configuration, consisting of multiple cystic spaces separated by epithelial strands. The cyst lining is usually thin and composed of an odontogenic epithelium, which may undergo calcification. Ghost cells, characterized by squamous epithelial cells with calcified cytoplasm, are frequently observed within the epithelial lining or the cystic spaces.
The pathogenesis of COC remains unclear, and various theories have been proposed to explain its formation. One prevailing theory suggests that it originates from the epithelial cells of the remnants of the odontogenic apparatus.
Treatment of COC typically involves enucleation or excision of the lesion, with careful removal of associated teeth or cystic lining. Recurrence rates vary, but proper surgical management usually results in a favorable prognosis. Long-term follow-up and regular dental check-ups are paramount to monitor any potential recurrence or associated complications.
