Pronunciation: [kˈe͡ɪsənz] (IPA) 
The spelling of the word "caissons" can be a bit confusing. The correct spelling is /keɪˈsɒnz/ with two s's. The word is pronounced "kay-sonz" and refers to large watertight structures used for construction projects, such as bridges or tunnels, to keep water from flooding the worksite. The word's French origin, "caisson," may contribute to its unusual spelling, but remembering the double s will help ensure clarity in communication.
Caissons are massive, watertight structures used in construction and engineering projects, particularly those involving the formation of a foundation or underwater structure. These structures are typically box-like or cylindrical in shape and are built on land, whether temporary or permanent, before being submerged or placed in water.
Caissons are primarily employed when constructing bridges, piers, or any type of structure that requires a stable base below the water's surface. They are designed to keep out water and maintain a dry working environment to facilitate construction activities within.
The term "caissons" can also refer to a type of chamber used in underwater construction, typically in civil engineering or maritime applications. These chambers are equipped with airlocks that allow workers to enter and exit safely, providing a watertight environment.
Caissons play a crucial role in stabilizing structures and preventing water infiltration during construction. They are usually made of reinforced concrete, although earlier versions were often constructed using timber or steel. Caissons are often sunk into the ground or seabed and their buoyancy is adjusted to ensure that they settle securely in place.
Due to their importance in construction projects, the engineering and execution of caissons demand careful planning to ensure their structural integrity and the safety of workers. The use of caissons has greatly facilitated the development of infrastructure projects in challenging environments such as deep water bodies, rivers, or areas prone to flooding.
The word "caissons" derives from the French term "caisson", which means "box" or "chest". The French word is derived from the Latin word "capsa", which had a similar meaning. The term "caissons" has been borrowed into English to specifically refer to a type of watertight structure used in construction and engineering, particularly in the building of bridges, dams, and other structures in or near water.
