Cacogeusia refers to a disorder or condition characterized by the perception of foul or unpleasant taste in the mouth, even without the presence of any actual taste stimulus. The term is derived from the Greek words "caco" meaning bad or foul and "geusia" meaning taste. It is also commonly known as dysgeusia, which may be used interchangeably.
Individuals experiencing cacogeusia may report a variety of taste-related symptoms such as a bitter, metallic, or rancid taste, leading to a general aversion towards food and drink. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, as it can disrupt eating habits, affect nutritional intake, and decrease wellbeing.
Cacogeusia can be caused by various factors, including certain medications (such as antibiotics, antihypertensives, antithyroid agents), dental or oral infections, vitamin deficiencies, hormonal changes, or medical conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), sinusitis, or oral thrush. Additionally, it may be a side effect of certain treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Management and treatment of cacogeusia primarily involve addressing the underlying cause, if identifiable. This may entail adjusting or switching medications, resolving oral infections, managing GERD symptoms, or addressing nutrient deficiencies. In some cases, symptoms may resolve spontaneously without intervention. In the meantime, patients may find relief through good oral hygiene, using mouthwashes, or experimenting with different food textures or temperatures to mask the unpleasant taste. Consulting with a healthcare professional, such as a dentist, otolaryngologist, or gastroenterologist, is recommended for proper diagnosis and management of cacogeusia.
