C-rel genes refer to a family of genes encoding transcription factors that play a crucial role in immune response and cellular proliferation. The term "c-rel" stems from the fact that these genes were initially identified in the avian reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T (REV-T), where the viral oncogene was designated as "rel".
C-rel genes belong to the larger family of Rel/NF-κB transcription factor family, which includes other members like p65 (RelA), RelB, p50, and p52. These genes encode proteins that regulate the expression of various genes involved in the immune system, inflammation, and cell survival.
The products of c-rel genes are typically found in the nucleus, where they bind to specific DNA sequences known as κB sites. By binding to these sites, c-rel proteins can activate or repress gene expression, depending on the context. They are known to control the production of cytokines, chemokines, and other immune-related molecules that mediate host defense and inflammation.
Furthermore, c-rel genes are involved in cellular proliferation and differentiation in both immune and non-immune cells. They have been implicated in the development of several cancers, wherein aberrant activation of c-rel gene expression can promote cell survival and uncontrolled growth.
In summary, c-rel genes are a family of transcription factors that regulate immune response, inflammation, and cellular proliferation. Their activity is critical for maintaining a balanced immune system and their dysregulation can contribute to various diseases, including cancer.
