The idiom "by surprise" is spelled with the letter "s" in surprise, despite the fact that it is pronounced with a "z" sound. This is because the word "surprise" came into English from French, where the "s" is pronounced. In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), the pronunciation of "by surprise" is /baɪ səˈpraɪz/, with the "s" sound represented by the symbol /s/ and the "z" sound by the symbol /z/. It is important to remember this spelling and pronunciation distinction in order to use this idiom correctly in writing and conversation.
The term "by surprise" refers to an unexpected event or action that catches someone off guard, causing surprise or shock. It indicates a situation where the individual is taken unaware, experiencing an unexpected turn of events or a sudden occurrence. This phrase implies that the person was not prepared or had no foreknowledge of what was about to happen.
When something happens "by surprise," it often leaves a person feeling astonished, startled, or even bewildered. It involves a lack of anticipation or foresight, as the individual did not perceive or foresee that particular event or action taking place.
This phrase is commonly used in various contexts, such as in warfare, sports, or even everyday life, to describe situations where one side unexpectedly gains an advantage over another. For instance, a team in a sports competition might score a goal by surprise, catching the opposing team off guard. Similarly, a military force may launch a surprise attack, catching the enemy unprepared and enhancing their chances of success.
Overall, "by surprise" signifies an unforeseen occurrence or action that momentarily disrupts the usual expectations or plans of an individual or group, often resulting in a state of shock or astonishment.
The word "by" in the phrase "by surprise" originates from Old English "bi", which means "near", "at", or "by means of". "Surprise" is derived from the French word "surprendre", which means "to overtake" or "to seize". Therefore, the etymology of "by surprise" suggests being caught off guard or unprepared, as if something unexpected happened near or at the moment.