Bulwark, which is pronounced ˈbʊlwək according to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), is a noun that refers to a strong defensive wall or structure. The original spelling of this word was "bulwerk", which comes from the Dutch word "bolwerk". Over time, however, the spelling has evolved to its current form. The "w" in "bulwark" is likely due to the influence of other words in English that use the same letter combination, such as "towel" and "flourish".
Bulwark is a noun that refers to a defensive barrier or structure erected for protection or to provide security against external threats. It can also describe a strong and reliable defense or safeguard against any type of danger or harm. A bulwark is often built of solid materials such as stone or metal, and is typically strategically placed to offer maximum protection. It serves as a physical barrier that prevents enemy forces from easily breaching a fortification or stronghold.
Metaphorically, bulwark can be used to describe a person, group, or thing that acts as a dependable support or defense against various forms of adversity. In this sense, it denotes someone or something that serves as a protective barrier by providing strength, stability, or assistance in times of need. For example, in a social context, a close-knit community can be seen as a bulwark against crime or instability, while a friend’s unwavering support may act as a bulwark against emotional distress.
Furthermore, bulwark can also represent a figurative or symbolic defense against ideological, moral, or political threats. It can be employed to convey the notion of upholding and defending certain principles or values that are considered essential or fundamental, such as freedom of speech or democracy. In this context, individuals or organizations that vigorously advocate for these principles are often hailed as bulwarks of democracy or defenders of human rights.
• A rampart; a fortification; any means of defence or protection, originally made of the boles or trunks of trees; the railboards of a ship.
• To fortify with a rampart; to protect.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "bulwark" originated in the late 15th century, deriving from Middle Dutch "bolwerc" or Middle Low German "bolwerk". It can be broken down as "bol", meaning tree trunk or beam, and "werk", meaning work or construction. In historical terms, a bulwark referred to a defensive wall or embankment made of earth, stone, or wood, built to protect a fortification or city. Later on, the term broadened to encompass any strong defense or protection, metaphorically likening it to a physical barrier. Nowadays, "bulwark" is commonly used to describe a safeguard or support against danger or threat.