Bufonidae is a taxonomic family of amphibians within the order Anura, commonly known as toads. It comprises a diverse group of species that are characterized by their stout bodies, short legs, and dry, warty skin. With over 600 known species in this family, Bufonidae is one of the largest families of amphibians.
Toads belonging to Bufonidae are typically found in a wide range of habitats worldwide, including forests, grasslands, deserts, and even tropical rainforests. They are predominantly terrestrial, although some species may have aquatic tendencies during certain stages of their life cycle. Most species possess well-developed parotoid glands on their backs, which secrete toxic substances as a defense mechanism against predators.
In terms of physical appearance, members of this family usually have large eyes with horizontally elliptical pupils and short, stocky bodies. They exhibit a wide variety of colors and patterns, serving as camouflage against potential threats.
Bufonidae species are primarily nocturnal, relying on their keen sense of smell and long tongues to locate and capture prey, which commonly consists of various invertebrates such as insects, spiders, and worms. They often have a characteristic hopping mode of locomotion due to their short hind legs.
Despite their seemingly rough exterior, toads in the Bufonidae family play an important ecological role by controlling populations of various invertebrate pests. These amphibians are also of scientific interest as some produce skin secretions with potential biomedical applications, while others have unique reproductive behaviors and parental care.
