Bruxism is a dental condition characterized by the involuntary clenching, grinding, or gnashing of teeth, typically occurring during sleep. It is a parafunctional habit that often goes unnoticed by the affected individual, leading to potential complications if left untreated. The term "bruxism" is derived from the Greek word "brychein," meaning "to gnash the Teeth."
The exact cause of bruxism is not fully understood; however, it is believed to be influenced by a combination of physical, psychological, and neurological factors. Stress, anxiety, misaligned teeth, and an abnormal bite are commonly associated with this condition. The grinding and clenching of teeth exert excessive pressure on the jaw joint, muscles, and teeth themselves, which can result in a range of problems.
Signs and symptoms of bruxism may include tooth wear, jaw pain or discomfort, headaches, earaches, facial muscle hypertrophy, disturbed sleep, and even damage to dental restorations. Continued bruxing over time can lead to various complications, such as tooth sensitivity, enamel wear or fractures, temporomandibular joint disorders, and muscle pain.
Treatment options for bruxism often involve a multidisciplinary approach, addressing both the underlying causes and symptoms. These may include stress management techniques, behavior modifications, dental splints or mouthguards to protect the teeth, physical therapy, and in severe cases, orthodontic intervention. Regular dental check-ups and monitoring are crucial to prevent further damage, as early detection and intervention can help manage the condition more effectively.
