Brown root rot fungus is a type of pathogenic fungus that primarily affects woody plants and can cause significant damage to the roots. It is scientifically known as Phellinus noxius and belongs to the Hymenochaetaceae family. This destructive fungus is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Southeast Asia and parts of the Pacific Islands.
The brown root rot fungus infects the root system of various plants, including trees, shrubs, and crops, by penetrating the roots and establishing itself in the vascular tissues. Once inside the plant, it gradually destroys the root tissues, resulting in characteristic brown discoloration and decay. This ultimately weakens the root system, leading to reduced nutrient uptake and water absorption, as well as compromising the plant's stability.
Symptoms of brown root rot fungus include yellowing or wilting of leaves, stunted growth, and branch dieback. As the disease progresses, affected plants may develop cankers or gummosis on the lower trunk, while the roots show brown or black discoloration accompanied by decay.
The spread of brown root rot fungus is facilitated through infected plant debris, soil, or contaminated tools. It is a difficult-to-control disease, with no known cure once a plant has been infected. The management of brown root rot fungus mainly revolves around preventing its introduction and limiting its spread by ensuring proper sanitation practices, avoiding the use of infected plant material, and employing appropriate cultural practices that promote plant health.
Due to its destructive nature and wide host range, brown root rot fungus poses significant economic and ecological threats to affected regions, particularly in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry sectors.
