Bronchiectasia is a medical term used to describe a chronic respiratory condition characterized by abnormal widening and permanent dilation of the bronchial tubes, a part of the respiratory tract in the lungs.
In bronchiectasia, the walls of the bronchi become thickened and weakened due to repeated infections, inflammation, or damage to the airways. This leads to the accumulation of mucus, which further obstructs the bronchial tubes, impairs the normal flow of air, and increases the risk of recurrent lung infections.
The main symptoms of bronchiectasia include chronic cough with production of large amounts of sputum (thick, sticky mucus), wheezing, shortness of breath, persistent chest pain, fatigue, and recurrent respiratory infections, such as pneumonia. As the condition progresses, it can cause irreversible lung damage, leading to respiratory failure and decreased lung function.
Bronchiectasia can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics (such as cystic fibrosis), lung infections (such as tuberculosis or pneumonia), autoimmune disorders, inhalation of noxious gases or chemicals, and complications from other respiratory conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Although bronchiectasia is a chronic condition that cannot be cured, it can be managed with proper medical intervention. Treatment options may include antibiotics to control infections, bronchodilators to promote airway opening, chest physiotherapy to clear mucus, pulmonary rehabilitation programs to improve lung function, and surgery in severe cases to remove damaged lung tissue or repair the airways. Regular monitoring by a medical professional is crucial to prevent complications and manage the symptoms effectively.
