Bronchial carcinoma, also known as lung cancer, is a malignant tumor that originates in the cells lining the bronchial tubes or airways of the lungs. It is a type of cancer that develops when abnormal cells multiply and grow uncontrollably in the lungs, interfering with their normal functioning.
There are two main types of bronchial carcinoma: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC is the most common type and accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. It includes various subtypes, such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. SCLC, on the other hand, represents about 10-15% of lung cancers and is often aggressive, spreading quickly to other parts of the body.
Bronchial carcinoma is primarily caused by long-term exposure to hazardous substances, particularly tobacco smoke. Other risk factors include exposure to secondhand smoke, radon gas, asbestos, air pollution, genetic mutations, and a family history of lung cancer.
Symptoms of bronchial carcinoma may include persistent cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, hoarseness, coughing up blood, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and recurrent respiratory infections. Diagnosis often involves imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs, along with biopsy samples of lung tissue.
Treatment options for bronchial carcinoma depend on the type and stage of cancer, but commonly include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The prognosis varies depending on various factors, such as the stage at diagnosis, overall health of the patient, and response to treatment. Early detection and prompt treatment increase the chances of a successful outcome.
