The Brocken specter is a stunning optical illusion that occurs when a person's shadow is cast against clouds or fog. The term is spelled as /ˈbrɒkən ˈspɛktər/, with the stress on the first syllable, and a silent "c" in "specter." The word's origin is from the German word "Brocken," which is a mountain in the Harz region of Germany where the phenomenon was first observed. The term is used both in meteorology and mythology, and is often associated with paranormal sightings.
A Brocken specter, also known as Brocken bow or mountain specter, is a natural optical phenomenon that occurs when an observer stands on a high point, such as a mountain or a tall building, above a layer of clouds or mist. This atmospheric phenomenon is characterized by the appearance of a large, shadowy figure with a halo of colors around it, resembling a giant's shadow. The figure is typically projected onto the mist or cloud below, appearing disproportionate in size and surrounded by a circular rainbow.
The Brocken specter phenomenon is caused by the diffraction, reflection, and refraction of sunlight through the water droplets or ice crystals within the cloud or mist. As light enters these particles, it undergoes multiple interactions, which result in the bending and scattering of the light rays. This bending creates an optical illusion, making the shadow of the observer appear significantly larger and magnified.
The circular rainbow that often accompanies the Brocken specter is caused by the diffraction and refraction of sunlight in the water droplets or ice crystals. This rainbow, known as the glory or the specter's glory, appears as a series of concentric rings around the observer's shadow.
The Brocken specter phenomenon takes its name from the Brocken mountain in Germany, where it was frequently observed and studied. However, this optical illusion can occur in any place with the appropriate atmospheric conditions, as long as there is sunlight, mist, or clouds below the observer's viewpoint. It is considered a rare and captivating spectacle, often evoking a sense of wonder and awe among those fortunate enough to witness it.
The term "Brocken specter" is derived from the Brocken, which is the highest peak in the Harz Mountains of Germany. The word "specter" refers to a ghostly or spectral figure. The phenomenon known as the Brocken specter occurs when a person standing on the summit of the Brocken mountain casts a shadow on fog or clouds below, creating a magnified and haloed figure that appears larger than life. It is named after the Brocken mountain where this optical illusion is often observed.