British Anti Lewisite (BAL) is a therapeutic agent used to treat heavy metal poisoning, specifically arsenic, mercury, gold, and lead poisoning. Originally developed in the United Kingdom during World War II as an antidote to the potent arsenical warfare agent lewisite, it was later discovered to be effective against other heavy metals as well. BAL, also known as dimercaprol or DMSA, is a synthetic compound consisting of two molecules of thiol (mercaptan) units connected by a carbon chain.
The mechanism of action of BAL involves forming a chelate complex with heavy metal ions, facilitating their removal from body tissues. By binding to metal ions, BAL helps to prevent their toxic effects on vital organs and allows for their excretion through urine. This chelating agent plays a crucial role in reducing the damage caused by heavy metal toxicity and promoting recovery.
BAL is typically administered through deep intramuscular injection and often forms the initial treatment during heavy metal poisoning incidents. Its dose and duration of administration are determined by the specific metal involved and the severity of poisoning. While BAL has proven effective in acute heavy metal poisoning cases, its use might be limited due to potential side effects like pain at the injection site, gastrointestinal disturbances, and rashes.
As a valuable therapeutic tool in managing heavy metal poisoning, British Anti Lewisite has significantly enhanced the safety and outcome of poisoning incidents caused by arsenic, mercury, gold, or lead, improving the chances of patient recovery.
