The term "breech birth" refers to a type of delivery in which a baby is born feet or buttocks first. The spelling of "breech" can be explained using IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) transcription as /briːtʃ/ where the "b" is pronounced as "buh", "r" is "ruh", "e" is "ee", "t" is "tuh", and "ch" is "chuh". The "ee" sound in the middle is spelled with two "e"s to indicate a long vowel sound. Breech births can be more challenging for medical professionals and require special care for the baby’s safety.
Breech birth, also known as breech delivery or breech presentation, refers to the delivery of a baby in a position other than the normal head-first position during childbirth. In a breech birth, the baby's buttocks, feet, or both are positioned to emerge first from the birth canal, rather than the head leading the way.
Typically, the majority of babies will naturally position themselves head-down for delivery, which is considered the safest and most common position. However, in around 3-5% of pregnancies, the baby remains in a breech position until birth.
There are three common types of breech presentation: frank breech, complete breech, and footling breech. Frank breech is when the baby's buttocks leads, with the legs flexed at the hip and extended towards the head. Complete breech is when the baby is seated cross-legged, with both hips and knees flexed. Footling breech is when one or both of the baby's feet are positioned to emerge first.
Breech births carry potential risks for both the baby and the mother, including increased chances of umbilical cord prolapse, head entrapment, birth injury, or difficulties during the delivery process. Medical interventions like cesarean section may be recommended for the safest delivery outcome in many cases of breech presentations.
It is important for healthcare professionals to identify a breech presentation early in the pregnancy to facilitate discussions and plans for the safest mode of delivery.
The word breech birth originated from the Old English word brecan, meaning to break or to burst forth. In this context, it referred to the baby's buttocks, which were considered to be breaking through the birth canal first instead of the head. Over time, the term breech became associated with this particular type of birth, resulting in the phrase breech birth.