BREADWINNER MODEL Meaning and
Definition
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The breadwinner model is a socio-economic concept that refers to a traditional family structure in which the male member is primarily responsible for earning income and providing financial support to the family, while the female member holds the primary responsibility for household duties and childcare. This model emerged during the post-World War II era, where gender roles were deeply entrenched and women were generally expected to prioritize their roles as wives, mothers, and homemakers. The term "breadwinner" itself signifies the crucial role the male plays in generating income to sustain the family's needs.
Under the breadwinner model, the male is typically employed full-time or in a career-oriented job, while the female takes on part-time or non-career work, or chooses to stay at home as a homemaker. Consequently, the male's earnings are considered the primary income source, upon which the family's financial stability heavily relies. This model has often perpetuated gender inequalities, as it reinforces gender norms, restricts women's access to education and work opportunities, and limits their economic independence.
However, in recent decades, the breadwinner model has undergone significant changes due to evolving societal norms and the rise of dual-income families. More women have entered the workforce, seeking economic freedom, equal participation, and a shift away from traditional gender roles. These societal changes have gradually transformed the breadwinner model from the male-dominated norm to a more egalitarian and flexible family structure, where both partners may contribute to earning income and sharing domestic responsibilities.
Etymology of BREADWINNER MODEL
The etymology of the term "breadwinner model" can be traced back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The word "breadwinner" originates from the Old English word "bredwinnere", which refers to the member of a family who earns money to support the household. The term "bread" in this context symbolizes the food necessary for sustenance, while "winner" signifies the means of attaining it.
The concept of the breadwinner model gained prominence during the Industrial Revolution when men predominantly worked outside the home, taking on jobs in factories, mines, or other industries. This development led to the gendered division of labor, where men became responsible for providing financial support for their families, while women were expected to focus on domestic duties and childcare.
