A breadcrumb, in the context of technology and web navigation, refers to a graphical or textual element typically found near the top of a webpage that aids in tracing the current location within a website or application. Acting as a navigational aid, breadcrumbs provide a hierarchical trail of links that depict the user's path from the homepage to the current page or section. The term "breadcrumb" is inspired by the classic fairy tale of Hansel and Gretel, where the protagonists drop breadcrumbs to find their way back home.
The breadcrumb trail usually consists of clickable links presented in a linear format, expressing the site's structure and organization. It assists users in understanding the website's hierarchy, making it easier to navigate between different sections or levels. Breadcrumbs are particularly useful in large websites, complex applications, or e-commerce platforms with multiple categories and subcategories.
Displayed prominently, breadcrumbs enhance user experience and usability by offering context and orientation within the site's structure. Users can quickly backtrack or move forward within the hierarchy, saving time and reducing confusion. Breadcrumbs also contribute to SEO (Search Engine Optimization) efforts as search engines may utilize them to understand website structure and improve indexing.
Breadcrumbs can be classified into two types: location-based and attribute-based. Location-based breadcrumbs show the user's position in the site's hierarchy, while attribute-based breadcrumbs provide information based on characteristics or attributes.
The word "breadcrumb" comes from the combination of two Old English words: "brēad" meaning "bread" and "cruma" meaning "crumb". Over time, these two words were fused together to form the term "breadcrumb", which refers to small pieces or particles of dried bread. This term has been in use since at least the 15th century.