A brain vascular accident, commonly known as a stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is a sudden disruption of blood supply to the brain, resulting in the damage or death of brain cells. It occurs when a blood vessel supplying the brain is blocked by a clot (ischemic stroke) or ruptures and causes bleeding into the brain (hemorrhagic stroke).
The disruption of blood flow to the brain leads to a shortage of oxygen and nutrients, causing brain cells to malfunction or die rapidly. This can result in various impairments, including difficulties with movement, speech, and cognitive functions.
The symptoms of a brain vascular accident can vary depending on the location and severity of the damage. Common symptoms include sudden severe headache, numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg (usually on one side of the body), confusion, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, sudden vision problems, dizziness, and loss of balance or coordination.
Prompt medical attention is crucial in the management of a brain vascular accident, as early intervention can minimize the extent of brain damage. Treatment options may involve the use of clot-busting medications or surgical interventions to remove or repair the damaged blood vessel.
Rehabilitation and physical therapy are essential for stroke survivors to regain lost functions and improve their quality of life. Lifestyle modifications, including adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular exercise, managing blood pressure, and refraining from smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, can lower the risk of future strokes.
