Brachycardia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally slow heart rate. It is defined as a resting heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute in adults. The term "brachycardia" is derived from the Greek words "brachys," meaning short, and "kardia," meaning heart.
In normal circumstances, the heart contracts and relaxes rhythmically, pumping oxygenated blood to various organs and tissues. However, in individuals with brachycardia, the electrical signals that regulate the heart's contractions are disrupted or delayed, leading to a slower heart rate.
Brachycardia can be caused by numerous factors, including genetic predisposition, certain medications, underlying heart conditions, hormonal imbalances, electrolyte abnormalities, or damage to the heart tissues due to aging or previous heart attacks. Athletes and individuals who regularly engage in cardiovascular exercise may exhibit brachycardia as a result of their well-conditioned hearts.
The symptoms of brachycardia may vary depending on the severity and underlying cause. Common signs may include fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath, fainting, chest pain, and difficulty in exercising. Severe cases of brachycardia can significantly impact cardiac function and may result in decreased blood flow to vital organs, leading to complications such as heart failure or cardiac arrest.
Treatment options for brachycardia may involve addressing the underlying cause, medication adjustments, lifestyle modifications, or pacemaker implantation. Regular monitoring and management by medical professionals are crucial to ensure the heart rate remains in a healthy range for optimal cardiovascular function.
