Bowen's disease, also known as squamous cell carcinoma in situ, is a form of skin cancer that affects the outermost layer of the skin. Named after the Australian dermatologist John Templeton Bowen, it is characterized by the presence of abnormal cells in the epidermis, the top layer of the skin. Bowen's disease typically appears as a red, scaly patch on the skin, often on sun-exposed areas such as the head, neck, hands, or legs.
Unlike other types of skin cancer, Bowen's disease is considered non-invasive or in situ, meaning that the abnormal cells have not yet spread deeper into the skin or to other parts of the body. However, if left untreated, it can progress into invasive squamous cell carcinoma, a more aggressive form of skin cancer.
The exact cause of Bowen's disease is unknown, but it is believed to be associated with long-term sun exposure, exposure to certain chemicals, a weakened immune system, or infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Individuals over the age of 60, fair-skinned individuals, and those with a history of skin cancer or chronic skin inflammation are at higher risk of developing Bowen's disease.
Treatment options for Bowen's disease include surgical removal of the affected area, cryotherapy (freezing the abnormal cells), topical application of certain medications, or photodynamic therapy. Regular follow-up visits and routine skin examinations are essential to monitor for recurrence or progression of the disease. The prognosis for patients with Bowen's disease is generally excellent, as long as early detection and appropriate treatment measures are implemented.
